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          深入操作系统-01环境创建
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        <p>要开发一个操作系统，搭建开发环境是必不可少的，本篇文章就介绍如何使用Linux、bochs搭建开发环境。</p>
<span id="more"></span>

<p>注意：本文章还没有涉及到C语言，所以环境搭建没有涉及到这部分，将会在后续进行补充。</p>
<h1 id="开发流程"><a href="#开发流程" class="headerlink" title="开发流程"></a>开发流程</h1><p>在不考虑其它的情况下，先要知道一个OS源码最后要怎么在机器上运行。</p>
<ol>
<li>编写一个汇编源码文件（a.asm）</li>
<li>使用nasm把汇编文件a.asm编译成二进制文件a.bin</li>
<li>把二进制文件a.bin写入到磁盘中（在开发环境中即a.img）</li>
<li>在bochs使用已写入汇编源码的磁盘（a.img）进行测试运行</li>
</ol>
<p>即源码文件经历了如下流程：.asm -&gt; a.bin -&gt; a.img</p>
<p>现在已经整个开发流程有了一个基本的认知了，下面逐一讲解需要用到的工具。</p>
<h1 id="Linux"><a href="#Linux" class="headerlink" title="Linux"></a>Linux</h1><p>是基本的编译环境，其次把编译好的二进制文件写入到磁盘中也需要用到Linux中的指令，即源码的编译与文件的写入都离开不了Linux。</p>
<h1 id="Nasm"><a href="#Nasm" class="headerlink" title="Nasm"></a>Nasm</h1><p>是一个汇编指令的编译软件，能把汇编文件编译成二进制文件。</p>
<h1 id="Bochs"><a href="#Bochs" class="headerlink" title="Bochs"></a>Bochs</h1><p>已经写好的程序该放到哪里运行呢？放到自己的电脑上，程序有故障怎么办！所以最好的办法是使用虚拟机，可以随便折腾，有问题也不怕，但是我们需要调试程序，所以使用普通的虚拟机也不行。</p>
<p>因此使用bochs就是一个极好的选择，既是虚拟机又带有调试功能。</p>
<p>在这里省略bochs的安装过程，主要看看使用bochs时需要用到的配置文件（注意：文件后缀是bxrc的就是bochs用到的配置文件，例：bochsrc.bxrc）</p>
<figure class="highlight plain"><table><tr><td class="gutter"><pre><span class="line">1</span><br><span class="line">2</span><br><span class="line">3</span><br><span class="line">4</span><br><span class="line">5</span><br><span class="line">6</span><br><span class="line">7</span><br><span class="line">8</span><br><span class="line">9</span><br><span class="line">10</span><br><span class="line">11</span><br><span class="line">12</span><br><span class="line">13</span><br><span class="line">14</span><br><span class="line">15</span><br><span class="line">16</span><br><span class="line">17</span><br><span class="line">18</span><br><span class="line">19</span><br><span class="line">20</span><br><span class="line">21</span><br></pre></td><td class="code"><pre><span class="line"># 为虚拟机分配的内存（RAM）大小，默认单位是MB</span><br><span class="line">megs: 32</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 这里还没研究</span><br><span class="line">romimage: file&#x3D;$BXSHARE&#x2F;BIOS-bochs-latest</span><br><span class="line">vgaromimage: file&#x3D;$BXSHARE&#x2F;VGABIOS-lgpl-latest</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 使用的磁盘列表</span><br><span class="line">floppya: 1_44&#x3D;boot.img, status&#x3D;inserted</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 选择引导磁盘 cdroom即光驱 floppy即软驱 disk即硬盘</span><br><span class="line">boot: floppy</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 输出的日志文件</span><br><span class="line">log: bochsout.txt</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 是否启用鼠标</span><br><span class="line">mouse: enabled&#x3D;0</span><br><span class="line"></span><br><span class="line"># 键盘布局</span><br><span class="line">keyboard: keymap&#x3D;$BXSHARE&#x2F;keymaps&#x2F;x11-pc-us.map</span><br></pre></td></tr></table></figure>

<p>注意：上文中提到的$BXSHARE即为bochs的安装目录。</p>
<p>通过配置文件可以知道，要运行我们自己写的操作系统，只需要在配置文件中的磁盘列表加入我们创建的磁盘，并在以到磁盘项中选择我们的磁盘，然后运行bochs即可。</p>
<h1 id="总结"><a href="#总结" class="headerlink" title="总结"></a>总结</h1><p>以上便是开发一个操作系统需要的基本开发环境，目前涉及到的C语言部分将在后面完善。</p>

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